Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text


Exploring the World of Assistants:

An In-depth Analysis

Welcome, dear reader! Today, we embark on a fascinating journey into the realm of assistants. This exploration will be an in-depth analysis, one that delves deeper than the surface, to truly understand the essence and impact of these helpful entities.
Assistants come in various forms, from virtual personal assistants like Siri or Alexa to human assistants we encounter in our daily lives. They are designed to make our lives easier and more efficient, providing assistance with tasks ranging from scheduling appointments to answering questions.
But what makes assistants so intriguing? Why do they capture our imagination and interest? And how have they evolved throughout history?
In this extensive paragraph, we will introduce, explore, and

dissect

the world of assistants, shedding light on their origins, functions, benefits, and future possibilities.
So, strap in as we dive into the captivating world of assistants!



Importance of Verifying Authenticity in AI-generated Text

In today’s digital age, the generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-produced text is becoming increasingly commonplace. From chatbots and virtual assistants to news articles and marketing materials, AI-generated text is being used in a wide array of applications. However, as the use of AI in text generation grows more prevalent, so too does the need to verify the authenticity of such text. Why is this important, you ask? Well, consider these potential consequences:

Misinformation and Disinformation

AI-generated text can be used to spread misinformation or disinformation, intentionally or unintentionally. For example, a deepfake news article generated by an AI system could potentially sway public opinion or even influence elections.

Plagiarism and Intellectual Property Theft

Another concern is the use of AI-generated text for plagiarism or intellectual property theft. For instance, an essay or report generated by an AI system could be passed off as human work, leading to academic dishonesty or professional consequences.

Legal and Ethical Implications

There are also legal and ethical implications to consider. For example, if an AI system generates text that infringes on copyrighted material or violates privacy laws, the entity responsible for the AI could be held liable.

Google’s New Open-Source Watermarking Tool: A Solution

To help address these concerns, Google has recently announced an open-source watermarking tool specifically designed to verify the authenticity of AI-generated text. The tool, called “TextMark.ai,” uses a unique watermarking algorithm that can be embedded into the AI-generated text. The watermark is invisible to human readers but can be detected by automated systems, allowing for easy verification of authenticity.

How TextMark.ai Works

TextMark.ai works by embedding a watermark into the AI-generated text during the generation process. The watermark is unique to each text generation run and can be verified using Google’s provided tools or custom solutions. This allows content creators, publishers, and other interested parties to ensure the authenticity of the AI-generated text they receive or distribute.

Potential Applications of TextMark.ai

The potential applications for TextMark.ai are vast and varied. For instance, news organizations could use it to verify the authenticity of AI-generated news articles, academic institutions could use it to check for plagiarism in student work, and businesses could use it to protect their intellectual property.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the importance of verifying authenticity in AI-generated text cannot be overstated. With potential risks like misinformation, disinformation, plagiarism, intellectual property theft, and legal and ethical implications, it is crucial that we have a reliable solution for verifying the authenticity of AI-generated text. Google’s new open-source watermarking tool, TextMark.ai, represents a significant step forward in addressing this concern and ensuring the trustworthiness of AI-generated text.
Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Background and Context

This section provides an in-depth exploration of the context and background surrounding the topic at hand. It is essential to understand the historical, social, political, or economic factors that have shaped the issue or concept being discussed.

Historical Context

A thorough examination of the historical context involves delving into the origins and development of the topic. By understanding when, where, and how it began, we can gain valuable insights into its significance and relevance in today’s world.

Origins

The origins of the topic can often be traced back to a specific event, person, or period in history. Highlighting these foundational elements helps establish a solid foundation for further analysis and exploration.

Development

Exploring the development of the topic over time reveals how it has evolved, adapted, and responded to various influences and challenges. This information can help contextualize the current state of the issue or concept and shed light on potential future directions.

Social Context

The social context refers to the cultural, societal, and societal factors that have influenced and shaped the topic. Understanding these aspects can help us grasp the ways in which the issue or concept is perceived, valued, and understood within various communities and societies.

Cultural Significance

Exploring the cultural significance of a topic involves examining how it fits into broader societal trends and values. This can include an analysis of its symbolic meaning, relevance to specific communities or subcultures, and how it reflects broader societal norms and beliefs.

Social Implications

The social implications of a topic are the ways in which it affects individuals and communities. By understanding these consequences, we can gain a more comprehensive perspective on the significance and relevance of the issue or concept to contemporary society.

Political Context

The political context refers to the role that governments, policies, and political institutions play in shaping the topic. Understanding this aspect can help us grasp how power dynamics and political considerations impact the development, implementation, and reception of various policies or initiatives related to the topic.

Political History

Examining the political history of a topic involves tracing its development through various political systems, administrations, and policy frameworks. This can help us understand how different political contexts have influenced the issue or concept over time and shed light on potential future developments.

Political Actors

Identifying the key political actors involved in shaping the topic can provide valuable insights into the motivations, interests, and agendas driving various policy decisions. This information can help us understand the underlying power dynamics and potential political implications of the issue or concept.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Challenges and Controversies Surrounding AI-Generated Text:
The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened up new possibilities in text generation, from enhancing human creativity to automating content production. However, the use of AI-generated text raises several challenges and controversies that need to be addressed. One major concern is plagiarism. With AI’s ability to mimic human writing styles, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between original content and machine-generated text. This could lead to accusations of intellectual property theft and damage to reputations.
Another issue is copyright infringement. If an AI generates text based on existing works, it could potentially violate the original author’s rights. Determining ownership and licensing for AI-generated content is a complex issue that requires legal frameworks that are yet to be established.
Lastly, there’s the challenge of misinformation. AI-generated text could be used to spread false information or manipulate public opinion. Verifying the authenticity and accuracy of such content is crucial, especially in areas like journalism and academia.

Existing Solutions for Verifying Authenticity:

Several solutions have been proposed to address the challenges of verifying authenticity in AI-generated text. One approach is digital signatures, which provide a cryptographic means of confirming the origin and integrity of the text. However, this method relies on the trustworthiness of the signature authority and could be vulnerable to forgery.
Another solution is watermarking, which involves embedding identifying information into the text. This could help trace the source of the content and prevent plagiarism. However, watermarking may not be effective against advanced AI systems that can manipulate the text to remove or obscure the watermark.

Limitations of Existing Methods:

Despite their potential benefits, these methods have limitations. Digital signatures and watermarking may not be foolproof, and they could potentially create new forms of fraud or manipulation. For instance, a sophisticated AI system could generate watermarked text that appears authentic but is actually fabricated.
Moreover, these methods may not be practical for large-scale applications or real-time content generation. For instance, verifying the authenticity of every tweet or blog post generated by an AI could be a Herculean task.

Need for a New Open-Source Tool:

Given these challenges and limitations, there is a need for a new open-source tool that can effectively verify the authenticity of AI-generated text. Such a tool could leverage machine learning and natural language processing algorithms to analyze the text’s style, syntax, and semantics to determine its authenticity. It could also incorporate a decentralized verification system that relies on a distributed network of nodes to validate the text’s origin and integrity. This would help address the limitations of existing methods and provide a more robust and scalable solution for verifying AI-generated text.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

I Google’s Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Overview

Google’s open-source watermarking tool, named Watermark Icons Set, is a versatile solution for digital content creators and distributors. This toolset allows users to apply watermarks subtly yet effectively, preventing unauthorized use or misappropriation of their intellectual property (IP). It’s important to note that Watermark Icons Set is not limited to textual watermarks; it also supports iconic watermarks.

Features:

Google’s open-source watermarking tool offers several compelling features:

Platform Independence:: This toolset supports various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. It enables users to apply watermarks across different systems with ease.
Textual & Iconic Watermarks:: As mentioned earlier, the toolset supports both textual and iconic watermarks, catering to different preferences and branding styles.
Customizability:: Users can customize their watermarks by adjusting the size, position, opacity, and other parameters to achieve their desired look.
Compatibility:: The toolset is compatible with popular image formats like JPEG, PNG, and BMP, allowing users to apply watermarks to a wide range of digital content.
5. Open-Source:: Being open-source, the toolset offers flexibility and freedom for users to modify its code to meet their specific needs.

Benefits:

The benefits of using Google’s open-source watermarking tool extend beyond simple branding:

Protection Against Piracy:: Watermarks act as a deterrent against unauthorized use or distribution of copyrighted content.
Maintaining Brand Identity:: Consistent watermarks help maintain a strong brand identity across different digital channels and formats.
Monitoring Unauthorized Use:: By applying unique, identifiable watermarks to content, creators can track unauthorized use and take appropriate action.
Cost-Effective:: As an open-source toolset, it eliminates the need for expensive third-party watermarking software.

Getting Started:

To get started with Google’s open-source Watermark Icons Set tool, users can follow these steps:

Download the source code from the official GitHub repository: link
Install the prerequisites (Python, Pillow, and OpenCV).
Configure and customize the tool as needed.
Use the provided scripts to apply watermarks to images or integrate it into your workflow.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Introducing WatermarkX: A Revolutionary Tool for Content Creators, Researchers, and Developers

WatermarkX is an innovative tool designed to address the growing concern of intellectual property theft in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. This tool is specifically tailored for content creators, researchers, and developers who wish to protect their text-based intellectual property.

Purpose and Intended Audience

WatermarkX serves a dual purpose: it integrates a unique watermark into AI-generated text during the creation process, and ensures that this watermark remains robust to common editing and transformation techniques. The intended audience for WatermarkX is vast, encompassing academic researchers who wish to safeguard their published works, content creators seeking protection for their digital articles or books, and developers working on proprietary AI-based projects.

Functioning of WatermarkX

Watermark Integration:

At its core, WatermarkX works by incorporating a discreet watermark into the AI-generated text as it is being created. This integration happens seamlessly during the generation process, ensuring that no manual effort is required from the user. The watermark itself can be customized to include various pieces of information such as a unique identifier or contact details.

Robust Watermarking:

To prevent unauthorized manipulation of the text, WatermarkX employs advanced watermarking techniques to make the watermark robust against common editing and transformation methods. This includes techniques like character substitution, text scaling, and even language translations. By using these methods, the watermark remains undetected while maintaining its integrity.

Imperceptibility:

One of the key aspects of WatermarkX is that the watermark remains imperceptible to human readers. This is crucial for maintaining the readability and natural flow of the text, ensuring that the presence of the watermark does not detract from the overall content. WatermarkX achieves this by using advanced typography and formatting techniques to blend the watermark seamlessly into the text.

Tool Features:Description:
Watermark IntegrationSeamless incorporation during creation process.
Robust WatermarkingPrevents manipulation against common editing techniques.
ImperceptibilityBlends watermark into text, preserving readability.

In conclusion, WatermarkX offers a powerful solution for content creators, researchers, and developers looking to protect their text-based intellectual property in the rapidly evolving world of AI. By providing robust watermarking techniques that are both imperceptible and resilient to manipulation, WatermarkX offers peace of mind while enabling the free flow of creative ideas.

Further Information

For more information about WatermarkX and its features, please visit the official website or contact our team of experts.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Technical Details

of Google’s Watermarking Tool is a significant component of their image protection system. This tool is designed to add a unique identifier, or watermark, to digital images uploaded on their platforms like Google Drive and Google Photos. The

watermarking process

involves applying a subtle, yet distinctive mark to an image that is imperceptible to the human eye but can be identified by image recognition algorithms. This watermark contains information about the file’s unique identifier and the user who uploaded it, making it easier to trace unauthorized usage.

How does Google’s Watermarking Tool work?

The tool uses advanced image processing techniques to add the watermark in a way that is visually undetectable. It can adapt to various lighting conditions and image qualities, ensuring that the watermark remains consistent across different versions of the same image. The watermarking process is automated, but users can also manually adjust the watermark’s position, size, and transparency if needed.

Benefits of Google’s Watermarking Tool

The use of this watermarking tool offers several advantages. It helps protect intellectual property rights by providing a clear indication that an image belongs to the user who uploaded it. The tool also deters unauthorized usage, as anyone using the image without permission would have to remove or obscure the watermark, making it more likely that they will be caught. Moreover, Google’s watermarking technology is not limited to their own platforms, as it can also be used on external sites or social media where images may be shared without proper attribution.

Conclusion

Google’s Watermarking Tool is a powerful feature that adds an extra layer of security to digital images on their platforms. It combines advanced image processing techniques with automated and user-controlled watermarking, making it an effective tool for protecting intellectual property rights while remaining visually undetectable. Its benefits extend beyond just Google’s platforms, as it can be used to protect images on external sites and social media as well.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Watermarking Tool: Architecture, Components, and Techniques

Our watermarking tool is designed to securely embed and verify digital watermarks within text data. The tool’s architecture consists of two main components: an encoder and a decoder. The encoder is responsible for creating the watermark and embedding it into the text. Meanwhile, the decoder extracts and verifies the watermark from the text to ensure its authenticity.

Encoder Component

Watermark design: The first step in the encoding process involves creating a unique watermark pattern or tag. This watermark can be designed using various techniques such as machine learning, cryptography, and steganography. The goal is to create a robust watermark that can withstand common attacks, including text manipulation and transformations.

Machine Learning

One approach for watermark design is to use machine learning algorithms. This involves training a model on a large dataset of text, which can learn patterns and features that are representative of the original author’s writing style or language usage. This information can then be encoded into a watermark that is unique to the text.

Cryptography

Another approach for watermark design is to use cryptographic techniques. For instance, the tool can utilize public-key encryption or digital signatures to create a watermark that is both secure and resilient to attacks. This approach ensures that only authorized parties can access the embedded watermark.

Steganography

Lastly, steganographic techniques can be employed to hide the watermark within the text itself. This involves embedding the watermark as a subtle modification to the text, making it invisible to the naked eye but detectable through the decoder component.

Decoder Component

The decoding process involves extracting and verifying the watermark from the text. The decoder component uses reverse engineering to identify any modifications or patterns within the text that could indicate the presence of a watermark. This involves analyzing various statistical features, such as word frequency, sentence structure, and syntax.

Natural Language Processing

To effectively extract and verify the watermark, advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques are employed. These techniques involve analyzing the text at different levels of granularity, including tokens, sentences, and paragraphs.

Token-level Analysis

At the token level, the decoder component analyzes individual words and their context to detect any anomalies or patterns that could indicate the presence of a watermark.

Sentence-level Analysis

Moving to the sentence level, the decoder analyzes the structure and semantics of sentences within the text. This can help identify any unusual or anomalous sentences that may contain the watermark.

Paragraph-level Analysis

At the paragraph level, the decoder analyzes the overall content and organization of paragraphs within the text. This can help detect any unusual or unexpected shifts in the topic or tone of the text that may indicate the presence of a watermark.

Performance Evaluation

The performance of our watermarking tool is evaluated based on four key metrics: accuracy, efficiency, scalability, and robustness. Accuracy refers to the tool’s ability to correctly identify watermarked text and distinguish it from non-watermarked text. Efficiency measures the time taken to encode and decode the watermark. Scalability evaluates the tool’s ability to handle large volumes of data, while robustness assesses the tool’s resistance to various attacks and manipulations.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Benefits and Applications of Google’s Watermarking Tool

Google’s Watermarking Tool is an essential feature for content creators, particularly those in the multimedia industry. This tool provides several benefits and has various applications.

Protection of Intellectual Property

One of the primary applications of watermarking is the protection of intellectual property. With Google’s Watermarking Tool, creators can add a visible or invisible watermark to their content, making it easier to identify and trace the original source. This is particularly important in industries like photography, graphic design, and video production where copyright infringement is a common issue.

Branding and Marketing

Watermarking also serves as a powerful tool for branding and marketing. By adding a watermark with your logo or business name, you can promote your brand each time your content is shared or reposted. This not only helps in building brand recognition but also ensures that you receive credit for your work.

Quality Control

Google’s Watermarking Tool can also be used for quality control. By adding a watermark with specific details like the file name or version number, you can keep track of different versions of your content and ensure that only the final, high-quality version is used.

Distribution and Licensing

In the context of distribution and licensing, watermarking allows content creators to control how their work is used. By adding a watermark with specific license information, you can specify the terms of use and ensure that your work is not misused or distributed without your permission.

Collaborative Work

Lastly, watermarking is useful for collaborative work. By adding watermarks to different versions of a project, team members can easily identify which version they are working on and ensure that everyone is using the most up-to-date content.

In conclusion, Google’s Watermarking Tool offers numerous benefits for content creators, from protecting intellectual property and promoting branding to ensuring quality control and managing collaborative work. By taking advantage of this tool’s features, you can streamline your content creation process and safeguard your intellectual property.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Content creation, publishing, and research in various industries can greatly benefit from the use of advanced text analysis tools. In the realm of

journalism

, such tools can assist in fact-checking, identifying credible sources, and providing context to complex stories. In

education

, they can facilitate research by helping students quickly identify key information from large text databases, and in

research

, they can aid researchers in discovering new insights and trends by analyzing vast amounts of data.

In the

creative writing

,

fiction,

and

poetry

industries, text analysis tools can be used to generate ideas, identify themes, and even assist in the editing process. For instance, they can suggest alternative words or phrases based on context or tone, helping authors refine their work.

In the professional world, text analysis tools can streamline processes in

legal

,

financial,

and

business documents

. In law, they can assist in contract analysis and discovery processes. In finance, they can be used for sentiment analysis of financial news or social media data. In business documents, they can help identify trends or patterns in large datasets, aiding decision-making processes.

Beyond these applications, text analysis tools offer other potential uses. For instance, they can be used for

content filtering

, helping to curate content based on specific criteria or user preferences. They can also provide

censorship resistance

, allowing users to access information that may be restricted in certain regions or contexts. Lastly, they can serve as a powerful tool for

artistic expression

, enabling new forms of creative output by providing unique insights into text data.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

VI. Future Work and Challenges

In the ever-evolving world of technology, there are always new

innovations

and challenges that emerge. In the context of Assistant, our future work is vast and multifaceted. One of the most significant areas of focus is on

improving natural language understanding

. As we strive to make Assistant more human-like, we continue to invest in machine learning models and algorithms that can better comprehend the nuances of human speech.

Another major challenge is

data privacy

. With the increasing use of personal data to power AI systems like Assistant, it’s crucial that we prioritize user privacy and security. We’re constantly working on new techniques to protect user data while still delivering a high-quality, personalized experience.

Scalability

is also a major consideration for our team. As more and more people use Assistant, we need to ensure that it can handle the increased load without any degradation in performance or accuracy. This requires ongoing investment in infrastructure and technology.

Lastly, we’re always exploring new

use cases

for Assistant. From integrating with smart home devices to providing support for complex workflows in businesses, the possibilities are endless. Our challenge is to identify the most valuable and impactful use cases, and to build solutions that meet those needs.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Discussion on the Limitations, Challenges, and Potential Future Improvements of Text Watermarking Tools

Text watermarking has emerged as a promising solution to protect intellectual property in digital text documents. However, it comes with its own set of limitations and challenges. One major limitation is the adaptation to new AI models and text generation techniques. As advancements in machine learning continue, new text generation methods emerge that can bypass existing watermarking schemes. Researchers are currently exploring robust watermarking techniques that can withstand such advances, but it remains an open research question.

Another challenge is ensuring the security and privacy of the watermarking process. While text watermarking can help prevent unauthorized distribution, it also raises concerns about data privacy. For instance, sensitive information could be inadvertently leaked through the watermark. Researchers are exploring methods to maintain the confidentiality of the data being protected while still ensuring effective watermarking.

Moreover, text watermarking can impact readability, accessibility, and user experience. For instance, visible watermarks could detract from the overall appearance of a document. On the other hand, invisible watermarks could affect readability, especially for individuals with visual impairments or colorblindness. Therefore, it’s crucial to design text watermarking methods that strike a balance between security and usability.

Related Research Areas

Watermarking images, audio, and video: While text watermarking is the focus of this discussion, it’s essential to note that watermarking research extends beyond just text. Researchers have explored various approaches for watermarking images, audio, and video files. Each type of media poses unique challenges, requiring different techniques to ensure robustness against attacks.

Collaborative watermarking

Collaborative watermarking: Collaborative watermarking refers to the process of embedding watermarks into multiple copies of a document, each one created by different users. This approach can help increase robustness against attacks while preserving usability. However, ensuring consistency and security in collaborative watermarking remains an open research question.

Dynamic watermarking

Dynamic watermarking: Dynamic watermarking involves embedding watermarks that can change or evolve over time. This approach can help thwart attempts to remove the watermark by modifying the content of the document. However, dynamic watermarking also comes with its challenges, such as maintaining consistency and ensuring robustness against various attacks.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

V Conclusion

In sum, the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way we live and work by connecting physical devices to the digital world. With an estimated 100 billion IoT devices expected to be in use by 2030, it is essential that we address the security challenges associated with this technology. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of IoT security, including threat vectors, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures.

Threat Vectors

We began by identifying several threat vectors, including insufficient authentication, insecure communication, lack of encryption, and inadequate access control. These threats can lead to data breaches, identity theft, and even physical harm.

Vulnerabilities

Next, we explored some of the vulnerabilities that make IoT devices susceptible to attacks. These include weak passwords, unpatched firmware, and outdated software. Hackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain access to the devices or the network they are connected to.

Countermeasures

To mitigate these threats, we discussed several countermeasures. These include implementing strong authentication mechanisms like two-factor authentication, encrypting data both in transit and at rest, using secure communication protocols, and enforcing access control policies.

Future of IoT Security

Despite these efforts, the security landscape for IoT is constantly evolving. New threats are emerging, and new vulnerabilities are being discovered. It is crucial that we continue to innovate and adapt to keep our IoT devices secure. This may involve the use of advanced security technologies like machine learning and blockchain, as well as a shift towards a more proactive approach to security.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming our world, but it also presents significant security challenges. By understanding these threats and taking steps to mitigate them, we can ensure that the benefits of IoT are realized in a safe and secure manner. As the technology continues to evolve, it will be essential to stay informed about the latest security trends and best practices.

Google Unveils Open-Source Watermarking Tool: Verifying the Authenticity of AI-Generated Text

Google’s open-source watermarking tool, named DeepMind Watermarking for Text, is a groundbreaking development in the field of AI-generated text. This tool holds great significance as it addresses a pressing concern in the age of artificial intelligence:

authenticity and veracity

. With the rise of advanced language models, it’s increasingly challenging to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated text. This can lead to potential misuse, plagiarism, or the spread of false information.

Enter DeepMind Watermarking for Text

, a solution that enables developers, researchers, and content creators to add watermarks to their AI-generated text, thus making it possible to verify authenticity.

The benefits of using this tool are manifold. For one, it adds a layer of trust and accountability to AI-generated content. It’s essential in industries such as journalism, education, and legal documentation where accuracy and originality are paramount. Moreover, it opens up opportunities for collaboration, enabling researchers to trace the origins of AI-generated ideas and build upon each other’s work in a transparent manner.

Developers, researchers, and content creators

, I urge you to explore this tool and contribute to its development. By experimenting with DeepMind Watermarking for Text, you can help refine it, making it more robust, efficient, and adaptable to various use cases. Join the community of like-minded individuals who are passionate about driving progress in AI ethics, transparency, and authenticity. Together, let’s shape the future of AI text generation and ensure its beneficial impact on society.

video