Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Quick Read

Crypto Market Bloodbath: Understanding the Reasons Behind the Massive Sell-Off in the Cryptocurrency Market

The crypto market bloodbath of recent times has left many investors reeling, with the total value of all cryptocurrencies plummeting to a low not seen since 2017. The sell-off, which began in mid-May, has been attributed to several key factors.

Regulatory Uncertainty

One major factor behind the crypto market sell-off has been regulatory uncertainty. In China, for instance, a renewed crackdown on cryptocurrency mining and trading has caused a significant exodus of miners from the country. This has led to concerns about a potential global shortage of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, causing panic selling among investors.

Tapering Off of Institutional Interest

Another factor that has contributed to the crypto market bloodbath is the tapering off of institutional interest. After a surge in investment from institutional players like Tesla, Square, and MicroStrategy, there has been a noticeable pullback in such investments. This loss of institutional backing has left the market vulnerable to selling pressure.

Technical Analysis

From a technical perspective, the crypto market sell-off can also be attributed to several key indicators. For instance, Bitcoin’s failure to break above $60,000 has been a major point of concern for investors. Additionally, the altcoin market has underperformed significantly, leading to a decline in overall investor sentiment.

Economic Factors

Lastly, economic factors have also played a role in the crypto market sell-off. With interest rates rising and inflation on the rise, investors have been looking for safer havens for their funds. This has led to a shift away from riskier assets like cryptocurrencies and towards more stable investments like gold and bonds.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the massive sell-off in the cryptocurrency market can be attributed to a combination of regulatory uncertainty, tapering off of institutional interest, technical analysis, and economic factors. As the market continues to evolve, it will be important for investors to stay informed about these key drivers in order to make informed investment decisions.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

I. Introduction

Explanation of a “Crypto Market Bloodbath”

A “crypto market bloodbath “refers to a significant downturn in the cryptocurrency market where prices experience a rapid and steep decline. This term is derived from traditional financial markets’ “stock market crash” or “bear market,” where stocks lose value over an extended period. Historically, crypto market bloodbaths have occurred multiple times, with some of the most notable being in 2014 and late 2018. During these events, investors experienced substantial losses as cryptocurrency prices plummeted by up to 80% or more from their all-time highs. A crypto market bloodbath signifies a period of heightened volatility and fear in the crypto world, testing investors’ resolve and resilience.

Brief overview of the current market conditions (as of 2023)

As of 2023, the cryptocurrency market has undergone a series of ups and downs, leaving some investors on edge. Though Bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies have experienced impressive gains since their 2020 lows, the market has also faced periods of turbulence. Volatility remains a constant factor in the crypto world, with prices fluctuating rapidly based on various factors like regulatory changes, geopolitical tensions, and market sentiment. Investors must remain vigilant and adaptable in the ever-evolving crypto landscape to navigate through potential market bloodbaths and maximize returns while minimizing risks.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Factors Contributing to the Crypto Market Bloodbath

The crypto market has experienced a significant downturn in recent times, leading to what many have referred to as a “crypto market bloodbath.” Several factors have contributed to this bearish trend.

Regulatory Uncertainty

Regulatory uncertainty has been a major contributor to the market volatility. With governments around the world taking varying stances on cryptocurrencies, investors have become increasingly cautious. In some cases, strict regulations have led to the banning of ICOs and cryptocurrency trading, further adding to the uncertainty and causing panic selling.

Market Bubbles and Speculation

The rapid rise in cryptocurrency prices at the end of 2017 was largely driven by speculation and hype. Many investors jumped on the bandwagon, driving up prices to unsustainable levels. However, when the bubble finally burst, prices plummeted, leaving many investors with significant losses.

Security Concerns and Hacks

Security concerns and hacks have also played a role in the crypto market bloodbath. With cryptocurrencies being decentralized, they are vulnerable to hacking and other security threats. High-profile hacks, such as the one on Coinrail in June 2018, have led to significant losses for investors and further eroded confidence in the market.

Economic Factors

Economic factors, such as inflation and interest rates, have also impacted the crypto market. With inflation on the rise in many countries, investors have been seeking out safe-haven assets, such as gold and traditional currencies, rather than riskier investments like cryptocurrencies. Additionally, rising interest rates have made it more expensive for investors to borrow money to invest in cryptocurrencies.

5. Competition and Market Saturation

Competition and market saturation have also contributed to the crypto market bloodbath. With over 2,000 cryptocurrencies currently in existence, it can be difficult for new projects to stand out from the crowd. This has led to a high level of competition and, in some cases, price wars, as different projects try to attract investors.

Conclusion

While the factors outlined above have contributed to the crypto market bloodbath, it’s important to remember that markets can be volatile and unpredictable. Despite the recent downturn, many experts believe that cryptocurrencies have a bright future and will continue to play an important role in our global economy.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Global Macroeconomic Trends: The global economy is currently experiencing several interconnected trends that are shaping the financial landscape. One of the most significant issues is inflation, which has been a major concern for central banks around the world. As a result, we have seen a surge in

interest rates

as central banks attempt to curb inflation and prevent it from getting out of control.

Central banks’ efforts to curb inflation:

Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States and the European Central Bank (ECB), have been raising interest rates to combat inflation. The ECB, for example, has raised its key interest rate by 1.25 percentage points since last July, while the Federal Reserve has increased its benchmark rate by 3.75 percentage points over the same period. These moves aim to cool down inflation, which reached a record high of 10.6% in Europe and 9.1% in the US last year.

Impact on the crypto market:

This trend has led to a flight to safety among investors, with many seeking out traditional assets like bonds and gold. As such,

crypto markets

have suffered, with Bitcoin’s price falling from around $69,000 in November 2021 to below $24,000 as of February 202The volatile nature and lack of regulatory oversight in the crypto space make it a less attractive option for risk-averse investors during periods of economic uncertainty.

Economic uncertainty and instability:

Economic uncertainty and instability are also major factors impacting the global financial landscape. Geopolitical tensions and conflicts have been a significant source of uncertainty, with ongoing crises in Ukraine, Taiwan, and the Middle East raising concerns about potential disruptions to global supply chains.

Impact on investor sentiment and risk appetite:

These developments have led to a deterioration in investor sentiment, with many becoming more risk-averse as a result. The uncertainty surrounding economic conditions has caused investors to be more cautious in their investment decisions, leading to a reduced appetite for riskier assets like stocks and crypto. Instead, they have been opting for safer alternatives, such as bonds and gold, which are seen as more reliable storehouses of value during times of economic instability.

Crypto-specific Factors

Crypto markets have faced numerous challenges in recent times, with regulatory pressures and crackdowns being a significant factor. One of the most notable examples is China’s ban on cryptocurrency mining and trading in May 2021, which led to a massive sell-off. The Chinese authorities took a hardline stance against crypto activities, citing environmental concerns and financial risk. This decision affected the global market significantly as China was home to approximately 65% of the Bitcoin mining capacity at the time.

U.S. SEC actions

against crypto projects and exchanges

Another regulatory hotspot has been the U.S., with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) taking an aggressive stance on crypto projects and exchanges. For instance, the SEC filed charges against Ripple Labs Inc., the company behind Ripple (XRP), alleging it had raised over $1.3 billion through an unregistered securities offering. This news sent ripples (pun intended) through the market, with XRP losing over 40% of its value overnight.

Impact on market confidence

These regulatory crackdowns have had a profound impact on the crypto market’s confidence, leading to increased volatility and uncertainty. Investors are left grappling with the question of where to put their money in a sector that appears to be constantly under threat from regulatory bodies.

Project-specific issues

Terra/LUNA:

Explanation of the events and their impact on the market

Beyond regulatory pressures, there have also been project-specific issues that have shaken the crypto market. One such instance is Terra (LUNA) and its stablecoin UST. In May 2022, a combination of factors led to a significant sell-off in the Terra ecosystem, with LUNA dropping over 95% of its value. The root cause of this debacle was the stablecoin UST’s inability to maintain its peg to the US Dollar amid heavy selling pressures.

Three Arrows Capital:

Explanation of the events and their impact on the market

Another high-profile collapse was Three Arrows Capital, a Singapore-based crypto hedge fund. In June 2022, reports emerged that the fund had defaulted on its obligations, causing ripples in the DeFi (Decentralized Finance) space. Three Arrows Capital’s downfall was attributed to a cascading failure of leveraged positions in Ethereum and Terra.

Lessons learned from these failures

These events serve as a reminder of the inherent risks in the crypto space and the need for investors to proceed with caution. While the potential rewards can be substantial, so too can the losses. As the crypto market continues to evolve, it is crucial that investors stay informed and adapt to the ever-changing regulatory landscape.

Conclusion

In summary, the crypto market is subject to numerous challenges, from regulatory pressures to project-specific issues. Understanding these factors and their implications is essential for making informed investment decisions in this volatile sector.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Behavioral and Psychological Factors in Finance

Panic Selling and Fear Among Investors

Explanation of the phenomenon

Panic selling is a behavior where investors quickly sell their assets due to intense fear, regardless of the market conditions or intrinsic value. This reaction can be triggered by various factors such as unexpected news, market downturns, or contagion from other sellers (herd mentality). In extreme cases, it can lead to a market crash.

How it amplifies market downturns

The phenomenon of panic selling can significantly amplify market downturns, as large volumes of sell orders can cause prices to plummet rapidly. Fear among investors can lead to a self-reinforcing cycle where each sale causes others to follow suit, leading to even greater losses and further panic.

Herd Mentality and FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out)

a. Role in driving price movements

Herd mentality and FOMO are common psychological phenomena that can significantly impact financial markets. Herd mentality refers to the tendency for investors to follow the crowd, either blindly buying or selling assets based on the actions of others. FOMO, on the other hand, refers to the fear of missing out on potential gains and can lead investors to make irrational decisions based on the perceived actions or successes of others.

b. How it can lead to market bubbles and crashes

Both herd mentality and FOMO can contribute to the formation of market bubbles or crashes. In a bubble, investors rush to buy assets based on hype and speculation, driving up prices far beyond their intrinsic value. Eventually, the bubble bursts as investors begin to sell en masse due to fears of missing out on further gains or losing money in a potential crash.

I Market Analysis: Understanding the Impact on Different Cryptocurrencies

The cryptocurrency market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem that experiences frequent fluctuations in value due to various factors. Analyzing the market involves understanding these influences and how they affect individual cryptocurrencies differently.

Factors Affecting Cryptocurrency Markets:

Several factors contribute to the volatility of the cryptocurrency market, including but not limited to: technological advancements, regulatory decisions, market sentiment, and global economic conditions. For instance, the release of a new blockchain technology or a major partnership between cryptocurrency companies can positively impact the market, leading to increased demand and higher prices. Conversely, negative regulatory actions or economic downturns can negatively affect the market, causing a sell-off and decreased value.

Impact on Different Cryptocurrencies:

Each cryptocurrency reacts differently to market influences based on its unique features, use case, and community. For example, Bitcoin, being the first and largest cryptocurrency, often sets the trend for the overall market due to its significant influence. However, altcoins such as Ethereum, Ripple, and Cardano may experience varying degrees of impact depending on their specific applications, partnerships, and development progress.

Market Sentiment:

Another crucial factor in understanding the impact on different cryptocurrencies is market sentiment. The collective emotions, expectations, and beliefs of investors can significantly influence the value of a coin. For instance, a wave of negative news or fear-mongering can cause panic selling and decreased prices, while positive hype and excitement can lead to buying frenzies and price surges.

Regulatory Decisions:

Regulatory decisions also play a significant role in the cryptocurrency market. Positive regulatory announcements, such as clear guidelines or licensing for cryptocurrency exchanges, can bring confidence to investors and increase demand, while negative decisions like bans or restrictions can result in a sell-off.

Economic Conditions:

Lastly, global economic conditions, such as inflation rates, interest rates, and economic stability, can impact the cryptocurrency market. During times of financial instability or high inflation, investors may turn to cryptocurrencies as a hedge against traditional assets, causing an increase in demand and value. Conversely, economic prosperity can lead to a decreased interest in cryptocurrencies as investors focus on other investment opportunities.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Bitcoin (BTC): A Deep Dive into the Cryptocurrency Giant

Historical Price Trends and Market Significance

Bitcoin, the first decentralized digital currency, was introduced in 2009. Its price remained relatively stable for years until 2013, when it experienced a meteoric rise from around $15 to over $1,000 – a gain of more than 65,000%! Since then, the market has seen several price swings and corrections. Bitcoin’s value reached an all-time high of almost $70,000 in 2021 before experiencing a significant correction. Bitcoin’s market significance lies in its role as the pioneer of cryptocurrencies, and its influence on the broader digital asset class.

Recent Performance and Analysis

Bitcoin’s recent performance has been marked by volatility, with significant price swings in response to news events and market sentiment. For example, concerns over inflation and government stimulus packages have driven investors towards the digital asset as a hedge against traditional currencies. However, the high correlation between Bitcoin and stocks has led to sharp corrections when market sentiment shifts. Analysis shows that Bitcoin’s price movements have historically been influenced by factors like regulatory developments, adoption rates, and technological advancements.

Future Outlook and Potential Recovery Strategies

The future outlook for Bitcoin is subject to debate. Some experts believe that the digital asset will continue to serve as a store of value and hedge against inflation, while others argue that it is an overhyped bubble. Potential recovery strategies for Bitcoin include a focus on adoption and integration into mainstream financial systems, as well as continued innovation in the blockchain space. Additionally, regulatory clarity could provide a significant boost to Bitcoin’s value.

An In-depth Analysis of Altcoins Amidst the Crypto Market Bloodbath

Altcoins: The crypto market bloodbath, marked by the steep decline in cryptocurrency prices during Q1 and Q2 of 2022, brought about significant turbulence for altcoins, which are digital currencies other than Bitcoin. The overall performance of altcoins during this period was marked by high volatility and widespread selling, resulting in massive losses for investors.

Overall Performance During the Crypto Market Bloodbath

The market downturn led to a substantial sell-off of altcoins, with many experiencing double-digit percentage losses within a short span. The total market capitalization for all altcoins plummeted from an all-time high of around $1.3 trillion in November 2021 to a low of approximately $600 billion by May 2022, representing a decline of around 54%.

Impact on Popular Altcoins

Ethereum (ETH):

Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, saw a significant pullback from its all-time high of $4,380 in November 202The altcoin dropped to a low of $1,746 by May 2022, representing a decline of over 60% from its all-time high. Despite the downturn, Ethereum continued to maintain a strong foundation as it is seen as a key player in the decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible token (NFT) sectors.

Solana (SOL):

The high-growth DeFi platform, Solana, was another notable altcoin that saw a sharp decline during the market downturn. With an all-time high of $259.96 in November 2021, SOL fell to a low of $34.65 by May 2022, representing a decline of over 87%. However, Solana’s unique selling points such as its fast transaction speeds and relatively low fees kept investors interested.

Cardano (ADA):

Cardano, the third-largest altcoin by market capitalization, also took a hit during the crypto market bloodbath. With an all-time high of $2.54 in May 2021, ADA dropped to a low of $0.38 by May 2022, representing a decline of over 85%. Despite the downturn, Cardano has been making progress in its development roadmap and is poised for future growth.

Potential Long-term Implications for Altcoins

The crypto market bloodbath brought about significant losses for altcoins, but it also presented an opportunity for long-term investors to buy in at discounted prices. The market downturn could potentially lead to a prolonged bearish phase or a bullish recovery, depending on various factors such as regulatory clarity, adoption rates, and technological advancements. Regardless of the market direction, it is important for investors to conduct thorough research before making investment decisions and to maintain a diversified portfolio.

AltcoinAll-time HighLow during Market Bloodbath% Change
Ethereum (ETH)$4,380$1,746-60.1%
Solana (SOL)$259.96$34.65-87.1%
Cardano (ADA)$2.54$0.38-85.1%

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Implications, Lessons Learned, and Future Outlook

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented disruptions to our globalized world, affecting all aspects of human life and business operations. This crisis has served as a

stark reminder

of the importance of

preparedness, adaptability, and resilience

in the face of unforeseen challenges. Let us explore some of the

implications, lessons learned, and future outlook

arising from this pandemic in the context of business and work.

Implications:
  • Remote Work: The pandemic forced many organizations to adopt work-from-home policies almost overnight, leading to a significant shift in the way we work.
  • Supply Chain Disruptions: The global supply chain system was thrown into chaos as border closures and transportation disruptions impacted the production and distribution of goods.
  • Digital Transformation: The need for digital solutions to facilitate remote work, online learning, and contactless transactions has accelerated the digital transformation process.
  • Health and Safety: The pandemic has emphasized the importance of employee health, safety, and well-being in the workplace.
Lessons Learned:

“Never let a good crisis go to waste.” – Rahm Emanuel

  • Invest in Technology: Organizations have learned to invest in technology and digital solutions to streamline operations, improve communication, and enhance the overall customer experience.
  • Flexibility: The ability to adapt quickly to changing circumstances has become essential in today’s unpredictable business environment.
  • Communication: Clear and effective communication has proven to be crucial in managing remote teams and maintaining strong relationships with customers, partners, and stakeholders.
  • Resilience: Businesses that have been able to remain agile and adaptive in the face of adversity have emerged as winners during this crisis.
Future Outlook:

As the world continues to grapple with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the following trends are expected to shape the future of business and work:

  • Remote Work: The widespread adoption of remote work is here to stay, with many organizations offering flexible work arrangements as a permanent feature.
  • Digital Transformation: The acceleration of digital transformation will continue, with companies investing heavily in automation, AI, and data analytics.
  • Health & Safety: Employee safety and well-being will remain a top priority, with businesses implementing new measures to protect their workforce and maintain a healthy workplace.
  • Sustainability: The pandemic has highlighted the need for businesses to focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility, as consumers increasingly demand more eco-friendly practices.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Impact of Bitcoin‘s Price Surge on the Broader Crypto Ecosystem

Institutional Investors and Venture Capital Firms

The recent surge in Bitcoin’s price has rekindled the interest of institutional investors and venture capital firms in the crypto market. With the digital currency‘s value breaking new records every day, these traditional financial players are seeing the potential for significant returns. They are not only investing in Bitcoin itself but also in related technologies and projects. For instance, Grayscale Investments, a leading digital currency asset manager, has reportedly seen an influx of over $1 billion in Bitcoin investment since the beginning of 202Other major players like MicroStrategy, Square Inc., and Tesla Inc. have also publicly announced their Bitcoin holdings. This increased institutional investment could lead to a more stable market, as larger entities bring a level of professionalism and long-term commitment.

Crypto Exchanges and DeFi Projects

Crypto exchanges

are experiencing a surge in trading volumes as investors look to capitalize on the price movements. Binance, the world’s largest crypto exchange by trading volume, reported a record-breaking $130 billion in daily trading volume in mid-May 202This massive influx of trading activity is not only driving up exchange revenues but also boosting the overall ecosystem. Moreover, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) projects have seen a significant influx of funds as investors search for higher yields in the wake of low-interest rates. Projects like Uniswap, Compound, and Aave have reported record-breaking trading volumes and total value locked.

Regulators and Governments

The price surge of Bitcoin

and other cryptocurrencies

has put regulators and governments around the world under renewed scrutiny. While some countries have embraced cryptocurrencies, others are taking a more cautious approach. For instance, El Salvador

has announced plans to make Bitcoin legal tender, while China

has cracked down on cryptocurrency mining and trading.

As the crypto ecosystem continues to evolve, regulators will need to find a balance between promoting innovation and protecting consumers. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

(SEC)

has recently taken a more active role in the crypto space, with Chair Gary Gensler hinting at potential regulatory clarity. Meanwhile, other countries are exploring Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) to maintain their competitive edge.

Conclusion

The recent Bitcoin price surge has had a profound impact on the broader crypto ecosystem. Institutional investors and venture capital firms are re-entering the market, driving up trading volumes for exchanges and boosting funding for DeFi projects. Regulators and governments remain a wildcard, with some embracing innovation while others take a more cautious approach.

Additional Resources

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

B. **Lessons Learned from the Crypto Market Bloodbath**

The crypto market bloodbath of 2022 served as a harsh reminder of the inherent risks and volatility associated with cryptocurrency investments. However, for those who weathered the storm, valuable lessons were learned that could prove instrumental in navigating future market turmoil.

Importance of Fundamental Analysis

The first and foremost takeaway from this tumultuous period was the importance of fundamental analysis. In a market driven by hype, fear, and speculation, fundamental analysis provided investors with a solid foundation to make informed decisions. By examining the underlying financial and economic conditions of a cryptocurrency, investors were better positioned to assess its true value and potential for growth. This approach not only helped investors ride out the market downturn but also enabled them to identify undervalued assets ripe for investment.

Need for Risk Management and Diversification Strategies

Another essential lesson learned during the crypto market bloodbath was the need for risk management and diversification strategies. With the market experiencing such extreme volatility, investors who had not implemented these measures found themselves on the losing end. By spreading investments across multiple assets, sectors, and asset classes, investors were able to mitigate risk and protect their portfolios from excessive losses. Additionally, implementing stop-loss orders and other risk management techniques proved crucial in limiting potential losses during sudden market declines.

Understanding the Role of Emotions in Investing

Perhaps the most significant lesson learned from the crypto market bloodbath was the crucial role that emotions play in investing. The extreme fear and panic experienced during this period highlighted how human emotions can cloud judgment and lead to impulsive decisions. By recognizing the impact of emotions on investment behavior, investors were better equipped to maintain a level head during market volatility and make rational decisions based on sound financial analysis rather than fear or greed.

Crypto market bloodbath – Why is everything falling apart?

Future Outlook and Potential Recovery Scenarios

Market Trends and Emerging Technologies

The crypto market has witnessed significant developments in recent years, with the emergence of new trends and technologies shaping its future outlook. One such trend is the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement, which aims to recreate traditional financial systems on decentralized networks. Web3, another promising technology, is expected to revolutionize the internet by enabling true decentralization and user ownership of data. These developments could attract more institutional investors, further fueling market growth.

Potential Catalysts for Market Recovery

Despite the crypto bear market, several potential catalysts could trigger a recovery. One such catalyst is the entry of major institutional investors, who have shown increased interest in cryptocurrencies. For instance, MicroStrategy and Tesla‘s investment in Bitcoin has set a positive trend for the market.

Regulatory Clarity

Clearer regulatory frameworks could also contribute to market recovery by reducing uncertainty and boosting investor confidence. For example, countries like El Salvador and Miami have taken steps towards accepting Bitcoin as legal tender or integrating it into city operations. Such actions could pave the way for broader adoption and acceptance of cryptocurrencies.

Role of Regulatory Clarity and Institutional Adoption in the Crypto Space

The role of regulatory clarity and institutional adoption is crucial in the crypto space. Regulatory clarity can help establish trust and reduce uncertainty, making it easier for institutions to enter the market. Institutional adoption, on the other hand, can lead to increased liquidity, price stability, and overall market maturity. As such, these factors are essential for a sustainable crypto market recovery.

Institutional Investment

Institutional investment has been a game-changer for the crypto market, with major players like BlackRock, Fidelity Investments, and Grayscale showing interest in cryptocurrencies. This trend is expected to continue, with more institutional investors exploring the potential of digital assets for diversification and portfolio optimization.

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)

The development and implementation of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) could also significantly impact the crypto market. CBDCs represent a new form of digital currency issued by central banks, and their introduction could lead to increased competition with decentralized cryptocurrencies. However, they may also contribute to greater stability and legitimacy in the digital currency space.

Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs)

The rise of decentralized exchanges (DEXs) could play a crucial role in the crypto market recovery by providing users with greater control and autonomy over their assets. DEXs operate on decentralized networks, making them more secure and less susceptible to hacks and manipulation compared to centralized exchanges. This increased security and transparency could attract more users and investments, contributing to market growth.

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